Ethics in Animal Research

In terms of ethics, the main issue in animal testing is simply that many experimental animals suffer in ways which are unnatural to them. Through the use of genetic manipulation, obese mice , diabetic mice, and mice with Huntington’s disease can be created. Surgical experiments can be performed on larger animals – such as pigs, sheep, and dogs, as â€Å"practice† for human surgery. Normally, such things would not happen to these animals. Any suffering they might experience during such experiments is entirely the making of the researcher – and often these animals are purpose-bred and would not even exist if it were not for the research. These animals have been bred by us, for our use, and suffer on our behalf. As humans—the dominant species on the planet—we can treat animals in any way we choose, and do with them what we please. The question is, is it moral, or ethical, to treat them in ways which cause suffering – even if it is to our benefit? To some opponents of animal experimentation there are no benefits which justify the use of animals; others believe that animal experimentation is acceptable providing that suffering to the animals is minimized. Still others oppose animal testing selectively on the basis of the purpose of the tests, believing that animal experimentation for the advancement of medical science is acceptable, but cosmetic testing is not, for example. Are Animal Tests Reliable? Opponents of animal experimentation point to the obvious differences between humans and other animals as proof that animal research is not reliable. However, while it’s true that humans respond differently to certain substances than do other animal species (arsenic is not toxic to sheep, for example, and chocolate is toxic to dogs), there are many more similarities than there are differences – and toxicology differences don’t negate the validity of genetic studies, for example. Another pressing issue is one which was first voiced in 1655 by Edmund O’Meara, a physiologist, who said, â€Å"the miserable torture of vivisection places the body in an unnatural state. If an experimental animal is in pain, or suffers in any way, during an experiment, might that not call into question the accuracy of any results gained in the research? And if this is the case, doesn’t this further question the ethics of animal research? After all, using animals in this way is even more abhorrent if the accuracy of the results is in any doubt at all. The ability to achieve reliable, reproducible results is a cornerstone of the scientific method, and it is crucial that animal testing is able achieve those results A Matter of Practicality The majority of the most important advances in medical history in the twentieth century were made using animals as test subjects. It is doubtful whether many of these would have been achieved if animals were not available for use by medical researchers. There are alternatives to animal research (these will be examined in the next article in this series), but in many cases they are simply not acceptable substitutes for a living, breathing organism. The Institute for Laboratory Animal Research of the U. S.  National Academy of Sciences agrees that even the most sophisticated computer modeling is currently unable to successfully model the molecular and cellular interactions that occur in even the least complex of live organisms, particularly in an environmental context. Medical science is in agreement, for the most part, that the use of animals in medical research is a practical necessity. Both the United States and the British governments , among many others, support the use of animals in research, provided that suffering of experimental animals is minimized.

Percentage, Money Management

By the end of the lesson, the students will be able to demonstrate knowledge of budget planning and banking. Students will have knowledge of words associated with banking and budgets including interest, percent, and budget Students will of a working knowledge of percentages and how to use this knowledge as it applies to banking, interests, loans and budgeting. Students will be able to develop a monthly budget given a particular income. Students will be able to calculate the interest on a purchase.Knowledge: The student can calculate total cost on an item given various tax rates. 2. Comprehension: Given two different costs on a particular item, with different tax rates, the student will be able to determine the best deal. 3. Application: The student will articulate the use of this knowledge in their daily life. 4. Analytical Thought: Students will begin to understand how this knowledge can assist them with problem solving regarding income and expenditures. 5. Synthetic Thought: Studen ts will be able to explain how to budget monthly to assure that all costs are covered.6. Evaluation: The students will understand the need to budget and shop around for financial security. Standards: Math – The student uses calculations for percentage correctly Material: 1. Calculator 2. Paper for the purpose of budget work Anticipatory Set: The teacher will ask the students about their knowledge of budgeting. They will discuss the importance of budgeting. Students will be asked to identify examples of when percentages can be useful into their everyday life. Input: 1. The teacher will allow for brief discussion on the examples calculated in class2. The teacher will allow time for discussion about other uses for percentages 3. The teacher will review the vocabulary related to the concepts 4. The teacher will allow class time to work additional problems related to percentages and money management. Modeling: 1. The teacher will construct examples for the students to complete in class. Prior to completing the problems, the teacher will review the vocabulary and the methodology for calculating percentages. The teacher will complete a problem related to the assignment. 2.When the students have completed the in class assignment, teacher will complete another larger and slightly more complex problem using the percentage concepts, perhaps related to credit use, as an example to looking forward to use of percentage. Check for Understanding The teacher will engage the class in discussion regarding money management and percentages to verify that students comprehend. 1. Memory: Can the student recall the meaning of the associated vocabulary words. 2. Translation: The students will be able to link the percentage concept to the real world3. Interpretation: Students can explain the use of percentage in different situations. 4. Extrapolation: Students will be able to come up with other uses for percentage calculations 5. Application: Students can complete assignments sh owing skills of methodology 6. Analysis: Students will be able to use percentage skill to make decisions on purchases. 7. Synthesis: Students can understand the use of percentages in their day to day life and understand values. 8. Evaluation: Students will complete assignments adequately.Checking through activities 1. The teacher will monitor the progress students make as they work through the problems. Teacher will answer questions and re explain concepts and methodology as needed. 2. Teacher will have a second opportunity to assess progress during discussion Guided Practice 1. Imagery of money management story regarding the purchase of a particular item in two different states at differing tax rates 2. Discussion for purpose of elaboration and comprehension 3. Vocabulary words related to money management and percentageIndependent Practice Students will be given home assignment to complete a more elaborate project related to money management Closure 1. Teacher will be able to demon strate through each activity, that students have a working knowledge and understanding of percentages. 2. The lesson will introduce the concept of money management and fiscal responsibly Adoptions for Learning Disabilities The teacher may choose to assign the classroom task as a group assignment to allow learning disabled students peer support.Students with perceptual disabilities can be given the task in a tangible puzzle assignment where percentages of the whole are experienced in a tangible way. For example Extensions for Gifted Students may choose to move ahead to more complex assignments involving credit card interest rates as appropriate Possible Connections to Other Subjects This lesson can be used in conjunction with any life skills class in which students are learning to plan for future financial responsibility. The vocabulary can be incorporated into 8th grade English vocabulary units.

Gillette’s Acquisiton of Duracell Essay

The purpose of this report is to first discuss the reasons why Duracell’s performance has been decreasing over the past four years, and then recommend some strategic actions Gillette should take to turn Duracell around. This report will begin by providing a brief introduction on the acquisition of Duracell by Gillette, followed by the reasons it lacked success, and finally end with the proposed recommendations for Duracell. Currently, Gillette’s operating segments include personal grooming, small appliances, and oral care products, and the portable power segment. In the portable power segment, Duracell’s major competitors consist of Energizer and Rayovac while new and emerging ones included Sony, Kodak, Panasonic, and other private label brands. The collective entrance of these competitors in the 1990s is the primary reasons for Gillette’s lack of success in the battery industry, discussed below. The key reason Gillette has been unable to achieve the same success in batteries that it has with shaving products is due to the competitive dynamics in the alkaline battery industry. The period of four years from 1997 to 2000 experienced rapid technological innovation in the alkaline battery industry by not only the major players but also from new and small entrants in the industry. Two of these small players were Sony and Panasonic. Sony introduced its â€Å"Stamina Line† of batteries in 1997, which was quickly followed by Panasonic’s â€Å"Panasonic Plus† to compete with Duracell’s â€Å"Copper top† line. Within the same year, the Rayovac Corporation replaced its existing battery with the Rayovac â€Å"Maximum† and priced the product at 20 per cent below the two industry giants – Duracell and Energizer. In the following year (1998), however, Gillette launched its first upgrade of Duracell’s offerings named the â€Å"Duracell Ultra†. This new line did not replace the original â€Å"Copper Top† line that was competing with the product of Sony and Panasonic in the previous year but rather, followed Gillette’s regular move with shaving upgrades of placing a premium on its items. Therefore, Ultra was priced at a 20 per cent premium over the older technology. Nonetheless, the competition was still pouring in. The advent of Energizer’s â€Å"Advanced Formula† happened to be in the same month as Gillette’s Ultra and was claimed to last nine percent longer than the than the Ultra. The major drawback for Gillette, however, was that no price premium was placed on the new upgrade by Energizer and was introduced at the same price point as its previous product. In contrast to Energizer’s upgrade as well as stiff competition from other players, Gillette launched the â€Å"new† Ultra in February of 1999 which claimed better performance. This was rebutted by Energizer’s â€Å"super premium† line of batteries described as e2 (launched in June 2000) and was priced four to six percent higher than Ultra. Finally, in the same month, Duracell announced its third generation of Ultra with more efficiency but no increase in price. This all showed Gillette’s inconsistency in terms of pricing and lack of strategy. It is clear that the introduction of the Ultra led to a series of new innovations of alkaline batteries by both Energizer and Gillette. Gillette had hoped that its innovations would be differentiated products and be perceived industry-wide as unique and valued. However, the company set too high a price premium in order to achieve differentiation for batteries and customers simply did not accept the price/performance proposition Duracell offered its customers. Further, the differentiation strategy that must provide uniqueness valued by customers did not exist as customers perceived batteries to be commodities. One publication of Consumer Reports even indicated that the â€Å"moral on battery shopping is simple: buy by price. This clearly contradicts Gillett’s strategy of price premiums for differentiated offerings and is the prime reason for Gillette’s lack of success. In other segments of Gillette’s business, such as personal grooming, customers are willing to pay premiums for shaving products because they feel an attachment to those products as they are used daily. Attempting to transfer this strategy onto batteries did not work because customers perceived batteries as a commodity not used in their daily routine. On the other hand, companies like Rayovac have simply followed a cost leadership strategy and have seen increases in their operating margin of 32% from 1998 to 1999 and 66% from 1999 to 2000, respectively. The reasons for Gillett’s lack of success in batteries have been outlined above. In terms of strategic actions that Gillette should take, it first needs to deviate from its â€Å"differentiation† only policy that it has used for its shaving products because it is clear that batteries are perceived as a commodity and customers will not accept high price premiums. The proposed recommendation is to achieve competitive advantage by integrating an overall cost leadership strategy with differentiation. This type of strategy is generally harder for competitors to duplicate and will enable Gillette to provide two types of value to customers: differentiated attributes (high quality in batteries, reputation) and lower prices (through lower costs in value-creating activities). The idea is to provide unique value to customers in an efficient manner. In other words, Gillette needs to adopt the cost leadership strategy and attain parity on the basis of differentiation relative to competitors. Duracell needs to be able to stay â€Å"on par† with competitors with respect to differentiated products. In effect, the company needs to pursue overall cost leadership positions in its batteries segment, but still needs to pay attention to emerging higher performance alkaline batteries. In more practical terms, Gillette can first achieve cost differentiation with an aggressive approach to adopting efficient-scale facilities. Tight cost and overhead control can lead to economies of scale where per unit costs will significantly decrease with larger production runs, larger facilities, and allocating fixed costs (such as marketing and R&D) across more units produced. On the other hand, closing down plants in areas of slumping sales can lead to greater efficiencies in costs. Together, these policies will protect Gillette from rivalry of competitors such as Energizer and Rayovac (and new entrants) due to Duracell’s strong existing market share (43%) and reputation in the industry. Moreover, Gillette needs to eliminate small costs that can cumulate over a period of time to yield substantial gains. For example, marketing expenses have accumulated to $370 million from 1998 to 2000 simply because of new product launches each year but without necessity for batteries. These expenses can be controlled by simply conducting secondary market research and analyzing external sources more carefully such as Consumer Reports as they have indicated that consumers are buying batteries by price. Finally, Duracell can still provide its customers the unique value they desire through its reputation and brand loyalty. Introducing a new and improved product with high quality every two years (rather than every year) will allow customers to seek new quality and value while maintaining customer loyalty. These are the proposed recommendations for Gillette when considering a turnaround strategy for the portable power segment and Duracell.

Strength Assignments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Strength Assignments - Essay Example The proposal got accepted. Since it was my idea, my team members looked up to me to know the details and where to start. I began by searching my knowledge base all I knew about selling Babson hats. I assigned Martha to fill in the information gaps by searching over the internet. She refused as she said she did not like the idea of selling Babson hats and warned that she was going to leave the team. I thought I could easily convince her since all other members agreed. With the consent of others, I came up with the idea that we all would take her to Pizza Hut for lunch if she did not leave. That came out to be a magic trick. Thus, we all started and it was me who assigned everyone his task. When somebody disagreed, I sat down with him, listened to his objection and would come up with a sound alternative that was acceptable to everyone. That was the biggest strength I found me, that is, I could help others to find compromises between differing viewpoints. I also tried to introduce new a nd fresh ideas to the team which everyone welcomed. We had arguments over the project most of which were so time-consuming that we would not know when the class time was over. This was because we seldom reached a decision acceptable to all members. Everyone had his objections which I tried to resolve using my wits and logic. I would not get swayed by emotional arguments often raised by Bob whom I had named Mr. Emotion and everybody had laughed so much. The only weakness I found in me was that I occasionally became aggressive when somebody came late for discussion or left early or did not meet deadlines. I think I could better convince them to be punctual by being nice instead of being aggressive. I always tried to remain on the positive side during all arguments and this was what all members of my team loved when they felt disappointed or distressed over the project. I tried to lift their spirits through my humor and commitment. I always praised them

Supply Chain Management in the Argri Foods Sector within UK and Research Paper

Supply Chain Management in the Argri Foods Sector within UK and Northern Ireland - Research Paper Example Over the past few years, companies having been focusing on reducing the number of suppliers that they have so as to harness effective relationships that is build more on collaboration (Ponce-Cueto, Garcia-Sanchez, and Ortega-Mier, 2010: 111). Indeed supplier relationship which had in the past been ignored is presently growing to be an influential aspect of the retail supply chain and businesses as well. Lintukangas and Kahkonen (2010:107) show that supplier relationship which essential in connecting a business to the supplier network, is critical in increasing a firm’s competitiveness as the company is able to exploit synergies from such relationships. This increases the effectiveness of supplier relationship management thereby increasing business performance. Such views are also shared by Jiang, Henneberg and Naude (2012) who note that supplier relationship management which thrive in trusting and dependent environments are critical for the enhancing business objectives where the quality of such relationships determine level of trust. Problem Statement Though there have a wide array of research on how best to manage relationships within the supply in order to enhance the performance of an organizational (Olurunniwo et al, 2011; Leeman, 2010; Croxton et al, 2001), the evolving nature of the retail supply chain necessitates constant change in the way it is managed. Such changes that have over the recent past been impacting the supply chain include changes into multi-tier network of relationships, the increasing practice of outsourcing key supply chain processes within the retail sector and the impacts of the recession in the way the way that retailers carry their business and relate to the suppliers. This necessitates a study in this area into how such... This essay approves that in analyzing data in this research study, repeated themes and ideas gathered from the interview answers will be identified in order to give meaning to the data collected. The data gotten will be constantly compared both with the reviewed literature and with other respondent’s answers in order to determine a pattern and meaning. Common elements within the smaller retailers will also be analysed and identified in order to understand what these have in common, while common elements, themes and ideas from the large retailers will also be analysed in order to be able to understand what these share. This report makes a conclusion that it is not possible to explore and reach out to all the retail supply players and to relevant business entities since there are quite many businesses with different business operations. This follows the fact that the research focuses on retail supply chain which is crowded with diverse businesses. The research will therefore have some bias in a way as regards reaching out to particular relevant businesses. In addition, the research will cover only one specific geographic region and therefore may not be representative of all geographic regions and especially the global environment. In addition, getting access to some executives in some companies may need a lot of dedicated efforts in order to get an appointment set. Though the study is limited by these constraints, the results could have important practical implications to the retail industry.

Fresh Foods versus Canned Foods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fresh Foods versus Canned Foods - Essay Example People are also responsible for what they eat and know the impacts of food types towards their bodies. This essay is objected to compare and contrast the differences between canned foods and canned foods in order to demonstrate the point-by-point format of compare and contrast essays. Fresh foods are the foods that are ready for human consumption in their natural conditions, while canned foods undergo various processes to be prepared for consumption by humans. The main differences of fresh and canned foods are their nutritional and dietary benefits, flavors, costs, and quality. The major difference between the two foods is flavors. Fresh foods have great taste and flavor as compared to canned foods, since they keep their natural conditions when eaten. This is because canned foods are added with other chemicals to their natural conditions, or some nutrients reduced, making them to lose flavor. However, it is logical that fresh foods retain the great taste and flavor due to the time it is prepared for it to be consumed. Fresh foods such as fruits retain their natural taste and flavor, as compared to canned foods where they either lose or increase flavor and taste as can be noticed during consumption. When comparing the fresh and canned foods, there exists another difference of cost. Fresh foods are much cheaper than canned ones. This is because canned foods incur extra costs for processing and packaging them into branded tins and papers.

Responses to various articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Responses to various articles - Essay Example The post touches on a sensitive topic but you wrote it in a fluent way that attempts to eliminate the ambiguity. The Needle Exchange Program (NEP) can be considered as controversial in its own capacity. You conducted research on two sensitive grounds, both the HIV pandemic and the NEP, and the post is a successful blend of both. In addition, it is an indication that the research was comprehensive. The post is informative on several grounds. It touches on how the LNG Project is beneficial to the economy. Secondly, it focuses on the impact of the project on the environment. It continues to offer a debate on the pros and cons of the project between the city council and Squamish Nation. However, your opinion is not concrete as you seem to be on both sides of the divide. It is important to indicate the Federal Laws in relation to the environment and the economy to come up with a concrete opinion on whether the project is good or bad. Your post is structured in a manner that indicates both sides of the divide, both the council members and residents of the White court, have valid arguments. The post is beneficial as well as informative. It indicates the interests of different parties in relation to the standards of living presented by housing in White court. It would be important to indicate the housing regulations in your research that would mitigate the absurdity of the claims from both council members and residents. The post is educative on matters regarding housing, standards of living and the economy at large.

The Strategic Growth Plan for an SME Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Strategic Growth Plan for an SME - Essay Example At that time nobody appeared to be interested in the product. But today Microsoft Vista is widely reviewed and talked about even before its formal launch. lacked a degree of functionality and achieved little popularity. Coke started off in 1886 when in May 1886 Dr. John Pemberton a pharmacist from Atlanta, Georgia started selling for five cents a glass. The first year of operation ended with the figures of $50 worth of sales Vs the production cost of $70 i.e. a net loss of $20. Today Coca-Cola Company is the world's leading manufacturer, marketer and distributor of nonalcoholic beverage concentrates and syrups. Infosys Technologies, a global consulting and IT services company was founded with some borrowed money by it founder Narayana Murthy. But today it is managing the IT needs of world's who's who in the business field. Small and Medium Enterprises is therefore the beginning of a giant stride for business strategists and determined entrepreneurs. SMEs need to improve their business skills to help them survive and grow. What is required to make an SME a competing and a big company is a vision and a strategic growth plan implemented with grit and determination by the owners/ managers. A strong SME sector contributes to a flexible and buoyant economy, creating jobs, providing the foundations for the large companies of the future and contributing to the nation's long term growth and international competitiveness. Firms can grow by interacting with key local players including universities, customers and research centres (Asheim & Isaksen, 1997). The main barriers to growth for smaller firms arise in the form of financing, organization and competition from new products or companies. A strategic growth plan calls for managing all such eventualities. SME Sector As far as IT sector is concerned China and India are in the forefront of global turnaround in IT enabling services and business process outsourcing. Both these countries have taken major share of the outsourcing revenue from the developed nation. Since initiating economic reforms and open policy in late 1970s, China has achieved tremendous success in economic development. The economy has changed from a centrally planned system to a more market-oriented one with a rapidly growing private sector. China now is the fastest growing economy in the world, with GDP expanding at an annual average rate of around nine percent over the past two decades. China has started recognizing the potential of SMEs and visible efforts are there to prove the point. For example, China organized its first SME fair in October 2004. Despite the progress in privatization, a considerable part of China's economy remains controlled by large State Owned Enterprises (SOEs), many of which are termed as inefficient and unprofitable. This slow march towards opening up of economy has prevented the inflow of IT led outsourcing into China to a certain extent. Major beneficiaries of the outsourcing boom are the Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs), that effectively means less growth potential for SME sector. India on the other hand has proved to be a grooming ground for SME sector. With the exodus of IT companies from Europe, America and other parts of the world towards India, the burgeoning Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector promises to be a growth

HOWARD GOODALL'S 20TH CENTURY GREATS - THE BEATLES Coursework

HOWARD GOODALL'S 20TH CENTURY GREATS - THE BEATLES - Coursework Example The mainstreaming technology is a significant feature in the video. From the 1996 popular music presentation, the Beatles shows a well-organized and choreographic presentation. The unique features are justified through the various dance shows in the video.   The video also presents a rich source of a revolutionized regime in the popular music industry. The justification of the ideology is evident in the discussion presented in the video via different scenes. The video also portrays interesting elements aimed at depicting the nature of the musical world to a large extent. I find the video to have significant features of the musical history. The explanation on musical notes and keys adds logic to the musical world. The background song in the video explains a set of musical instruments harmonized to produce a lasting effect. The song in the video is a great piece of the late 19th century. The use of the song in the video enlightens a given audience on musical history. The video’s music explains the extent to which musical history changes given the various pieces and artists. I find the elaborations in the video to gravitate a connection between cultures and generations. Additionally, the presentation of musical pieces through varying musical cords is of essence in the musical history. The video extract explains a link between cords of the 19th century. As such, a given audience easily associates the changing artists’ tradition to the varying generations. The video is a sample that captures a listener’s attention due to the varying harmonization in the musical pieces. I find the song â€Å"I am here† old fashioned due to the missing pieces of cord harmonization. As such, a given audience would note the difference easily. Other pieces presented in the song extend beyond the rhythm in the

Goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Goals - Essay Example I also aspire to become a successful individual by earning due recognition as an expert in the field in which I'm passionate. And in order to prepare myself for a successful career ahead I have set for myself, some goals which I intend to achieve in due course. 1. Lose 15 pounds of Weight: Today's life is full of activity, tense moments, stressful working, competitive environment etc. which calls for a physique fit enough to take long hours of working together with a host of other activities. I have the fortune of growing in a jolly good environment which helped me gaining a few pounds more. Though I am fit enough to work for hours together, but I sincerely feel that I need to control my body weight so that in the years ahead the backbone doesn't have to bear excessive load. I plan to lose about 15 pounds of my body weight within the next one year, which will help me in finding the professional look. In the corporate world, physical appearance also matters, but for a young female it becomes an added advantage if she could maintain the balancing act. I am aware that even to lose the weight I need to consult dieticians and experts, so that I could do it in a manner acceptable to my body and I could sustain the slim and trim look for a long p eriod ahead. 2. To be 'Well Read' and Read Critically: Internet and IT are the buzzwords today.

Literary Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Literary Analysis - Essay Example The story is set in an unspecified island and the significance of the dog training center to the story is minimal except that a puppy is brought into the picture in the later conversations. The inn itself is a studio cum home for the owner, an artist influenced by the French master Matisse’s work. This influence is conveyed subtly through the interior dà ©cor that reminds one of a woman’s womb and other symbols of female organs. The connection between the interior dà ©cor of the studio and the dog training center as seen from inside the inn is as enigmatic as the relationship between a man and a woman, as can be seen shortly. â€Å"Origin of the world† (para.10) is how the artistic shape given to the copper wire covering to the naked bulb on the table lamp described by the female companion of the couple. There was no discussion preceding this statement except that they were looking at the lamp from all angles trying to unravel the mystery of its shape. Again the statement, â€Å"Old enough† (para.13) is full of mischievous meaning that recurs at the end of the story (para.28) to inform the readers of casual encounters between strangers and travelers. â€Å"Beware.† (para.20) is the direct but still enigmatic reference to the growing interest between the inn owner and the male traveler. Sign boards, interior dà ©cor, dogs that attack are the symbols that are enigmatically used to create awareness of the risks of casual physical relationships. Just as careless approach to the dog center can expose one to serious risks, so does a casual physical relationship. Both are to be approached with caution and precaution. The influence of the beautiful female form either on artists or others is universal but comes with associated risks, says the author. Ann DeWitt scripts a beautiful and powerful story full of enigma, symbolism and pithy sentences to drive home the

Sinners of the Scarlet Letter Essay Example for Free

Sinners of the Scarlet Letter Essay The Scarlet Letter, is who seems to be the guiltiest character. The three prime targets are Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth. While all of them have questionable morality and have committed sin, Dimmesdale, the puritan minister, is the guiltiest character. He initiates a physical relationship with Hester, knowing she is married, he fails at the fatherly responsibility of taking care of his daughter, Pearl, and he selfishly cares more about himself than his secret family. Dimmesdale does not think about the consequences of having a relationship with Hester. He understands what would happen to her, and himself, in their strict society if discovered. Being an important role model of the town, he should have controlled himself. Their relationship resulted in the birth of Hester’s daughter, Pearl. After the townspeople find out that Hester is pregnant by someone other than her husband, they force her to stand on the scaffold brandishing the scarlet letter. While the villagers are thinking of ways to punish Hester, like burning her with a hot iron rod or even killing her, others actually feet sorry for Dimmesdale because of the scandal Hester has caused in his church. Dimmesdale, being cowardly, lets Hester take all the punishment for their actions. Hester demonstrates courage and loyalty as she never releases Dimmesdales name as the father, so the town ignorantly attacks Hester’s morals and isolates her, as if she gt; committed the deed by herself. After his relationship with Hester, Dimmesdale tortures himself both mentally and physically because he feels that he has sinned against God. By burning the A into his chest, he is apologizing to his idea of God for his actions. However, he never once asks Hester or Pearl for forgiveness. Being a bastard child, Pearls childhood is ruined, yet he never acts as a father to Pearl or even offers to help Hester financially. He cares more about saving his own skin and making sure he is good with God than he does about his childs well-being. gt;Dimmesdale is a complete hypocrite. He preaches about resisting sin and temptation, while he can’t even do that himself. He is supposed to be a Puritan Society example, but follows a completely different lifestyle from what he preaches. He should have confessed his sin at the scaffold with Hester right from the start. Although it would still have been shameful, he could have, like Hester, redeemed himself in the eyes of the townspeople. Instead, he confesses everything seven years later, and dies. Therefore, Dimmesdale is definitely the guiltiest character in The Scarlet Letter. He does not show Hester any support, and takes no responsibility for his daughter. He teaches sermons on staying away from sin, yet he is the biggest sinner of all. He fears God and goes to extreme measures to receive forgiveness from him, yet does absolutely nothing to redeem himself with Hester and Pearl. His hypocrisy, selfishness, and cowardice are what make him the most guilty character in this book.

Management Information System In Jet Airlines

Management Information System In Jet Airlines Data analysis plays vital role in determining which resources to use in order to achieve the mission of an organization. The world is developing an increasingly global market and economy. The basic management information system measures inputs and/or outputs, allowing managers to analyse the relationship between them and make decisions based on the outcomes they desire.Day to day example can be a speedometer, a speed-measuring system Types of Management Information Systems The different types of MIS can be classified into the following: Transaction-Processing Systems: With the advent of mainframe computers, Transaction-processing systems were introduced in the 1960s. They are designed for the banks to handle a huge volume of routine, recurring transactions. They record deposits and payments into the accounts, record sales and track inventory.. Operations Information Systems After transaction-processing systems, operations Information Systems came into existence. It gathers information, organises and summarises it in a useful form. It access data from TPS and moulds it into suitable form. One can obtain sales report or inventory etc from this. Decision Support Systems (DSS) DSS is an interactive computer system. It hasthree fundamental components: database management system (DBMS), model-based management system (MBMS) and dialog generation and management system (DGMS) which can be used for decision making. Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence ESAI use human knowledge encapsulated in a computer to solve various problems that usually requires human expertise. Computer recognizes, formulates and then solves a problem. It also explains the solution and learns from its experience as well. Introduction to Jet Airways Jet Airways is a leading Indian airline with its headquarter in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is the second largest airline in India and the market leader in the domestic sector. It offers over 400 flights daily to 67 destinations worldwide. Main domestic hubs: Mumbai and Delhi. International hubs: Brussels Airport, Belgium. It is owned by the London-based businessman, Mr. Naresh Goyal. BACKGROUND Jet Airways emerged with its first flight in 1993. It is one of the fastest expanding airlines in the world, and in future will become the most preferred airline making your journey enjoyable. Jet Airways offers flights to 24 international destinations and 43 destinations in India. OVERVIEW Jet Airways was incorporated as an air service operator on 1 April 1992. It commenced Indian commercial airline operations on 5 May 1993. On 4th January 1995, Jet Airways was granted a scheduled airline status.The company is registered on the Bombay Stock Exchange. Although,a major portion (80% of its stock) is controlled by Naresh Goyal. It has over 10,017 employees (March 2007).Jet Airways has fleet of 90 aircraft. CORPORATE VISION Jet Airways will become the most preferred domestic airline in India. Jet Airways will achieve this outstanding position by offering a high quality of service and reliable, comfortable and efficient operations.Jet Airways will uplift the concept of domestic airline travel -to be a world class airline. It will achieve this objective even while ensuring consistent profitability, achieving long-term returns for its investors and providing its employees with an environment for excellence and growth. Information Systems in Airlines Airlines exist to connect people to distant locations very efficiently and safely while making profit for the shareholders. . There has to be a trade-off between the three aspects. Thus, the designing of information system is very essential and its management helps them reach the organizations purpose. Key indicators in management are required to guide the working of the process and making changes in resource allocation. A management information system regularly provides information about the efficient working and function of the organization. The ultimate aim of the airline industry is to make the passengers journey comfortable and convenient. The different procedures in the airport and airplane should be simplified and highest degree of customers satisfaction have to maintained in order to succeed in todays competitive world. The Current Scenario The airline industry is constantly evolving and incorporating the latest innovations and technologies all with a common aim to make the journey of the passengers more and more comfortable and convenient. All the different procedures that the passenger goes through in the airport and airplane have to be simplified and highest quality of satisfaction for customers have to maintained by airlines in order to succeed in todays competitive scenario. Flying is nowadays one of the fastest and easiest way to cover large distances. It saves a lot of travelling time compared to other means of transport. For employees, this is a huge bonus as the business can be carried out at a faster speed as they can reach their destinations in a matter of hours. The 4 basic factors that the airline industry has to carefully tackle are as follows: Efficiency Speed Safety Comfort Every year more and more people are resorting to airlines as a mode of transportation and hence constant innovation and establishing a unique relationship with the passengers is the need of the hour. Hence, the importance of the technology of integrated systems has become clearer and unavoidable in the airlines for the future as well. Improving Air Transport Information Systems It has been seen that many vendor companies are doing constant research and development in the technologies which have a prime aim to improve customer satisfaction and provide better services to the customer. Huge investments are also being made in this area which has a lot of scope of improvement. Example of such service can be self- checking kiosks, in-flight entertainment and connectivity, check-in via mobile phones, airport and baggage management services. Currently what can be seen as the prime objective of the airlines is: Optimizing revenues while maximizing customer relationships. Management Information system in Jet Airlines VENDOR: IBM Jet Airways and IBM have announced that the companies have signed a business transformation for 10 years and information technology (IT) services agreement. Valued at 62 million US dollars, the agreement is a major step towards Jet Airways journey of technology led business transformation, which will help the airline to achieve significant growth by implementing the companys IT with business strategies. Jet Airways aims to use IBMs domain knowledge of the global airline industry and its leadership in technology to meet the groups business transformation objectives. As part of the deal, IBM will provide with the latest technological solutions to transform the airlines various business areas such as airport operations, direct distribution and frequent flier programs. IBM has provided Jet Airways with cutting edge IT Infrastructure and application to support services including employee transition, data centre operations, help desk support and storage operations, internet security services, network management, SAP and various other operating systems. Customer Relationship Management CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management. It is methodology used to learn more about customers needs in order to develop stronger relationships with them. CRM has always been a matter of great concern for airlines aspiring to improve relationships with the customers. Airlines that can effectively target, attract, serve and hold the best customers will definitely experience significant benefits. The better the bonding the airline holds with these customers, the more opportunities will be open for selling additional products and services. However, as the e-business is evolving, the hurdles of establishing customer relationships have become even greater. Airlines must be completely responsible for a customers satisfaction whilst the want it, buy it and use it experience. Advantage of CRM In Sales and Marketing CRM defines marketing processes and satisfy customer requirements using functionality to improve management of resources, segments and lists, campaigns, trade promotions, and marketing analytics. It also enables management of accounts, product configuration, opportunities, quotations, orders, contacts, activities pricing, billing, and contracts. Make smart business decisions with improved customer relations. Speedy access to databases so faster marketing. Improve visibility of your entire marketing process Increase returns on investments. Grow profitable relationships Maintain focus on productive activity Eliminate barriers to productivity Improve sales efficiency Service Transform service into a profitable line of business Increase customer loyalty Reduce costs of customer service and field service CRM in Jet Airways The figure 5 shows a few special offering from Jet Airlines The special offerings from it are as follows: It offers free tickets Special rates for Students Special Fares for corporate deals Jetlite Surprises The other Customer Relationship Management activities also include: Rapid Rewards program for all passengers that make all their reservations online. Incentives include lower rates, express boarding passes, and in-flight bonuses like free snacks drinks. Business Rapid Rewards for Business travelers. Special Benefits and services for Senior Citizens Vendor For Jet Airways CRM: EPSILON The emerging digital marketing company Epsilons email solution will now provide customer and trade communication services to Jet Airways in order to improve their relationship with customers. Jet Airways known for its in-flight services is striving hard to enhance its customer relationship management and loyalty management. Various surveys were conducted and was found that customers prefer email as the channel for communication. Thus, in order to be forward it selected Epsilons email marketing services. Epsilon is a pioneer in email sevices and provides exact view of all the customers. Such an overview allows the airways to design solutions for targeted customers which also increase its brand equity and nurtures great profits with loyalty. Epsilons email platform speeds up the email delivery. Ithas an intense tracking and report forming features as well as optimisation tools that enable Jet Airways to enjoy the benefits of relevancy in communicating with the customers. It also allows Jet Airways to monitor and track the position and status of specific email communication all the way from booking to enquiry transaction. This allows the airline to improve its profile and transaction behaviour data to ultimately achieve one-to-one relationship with its customers. Jet Airways currently publishes a monthly email newsletter to Jet Privilege members, all the travel agency partners and corporate clients. The company is planning to introduce transactional e-mailing through the Epsilon platform, such as registration confirmation, welcome messages and purchase confirmations. Conclusion In general, the airlines have to ensure that they strike a proper balance between the customer services and operating costs. In the aviation industry, the competition is ever increasing as more players enter each year. Effective management of information systems can definitely help in attaining these goals and also assist to incorporate the innovative solutions as well. In order to meet to meet these challenges, lot of companies and firm are working on different software and solutions with a common objective in mind to make travel both easy and convenient It is important to choose the suitable information that will help managers observe their situation clearly. When airlines observed management information systems that included loss in the revenue due to not selling empty seats or rooms, they managed ways to get some value from latecomers at deep discounts. A good information system in practice can ensure that the operation is able to run efficiently with clear focus on customers. By incorporating better and better technology systems, we can reach out to demands of more customers and also strengthen vital features like security, avoiding delays, reducing the cost of travel. The scope of improvement is virtually endless and the companies will have to keep on evolving in order to survive in the future as well.

Introduction Of Leadership And Mentoring Management Essay

Introduction Of Leadership And Mentoring Management Essay According to Northouse, P, leadership is defines as a process whereby a person influences a group of persons to achieve a destination. In simple terms, leadership is a transactional event that occurs between these individuals instead of a characteristic that resides in the leader. This definition also includes goals attainment and these goals are pursuit by the leader and the followers. Another great definition is given by Batten (1989) who defines the leadership as a development of a complete system of expectations in order to determine evoke and implement the strengths of all resources the most important of which is people. 1.1 Definition of Mentoring According to Garvey (2004), mentoring is defines as a human interaction which depends on an intended purpose of the relationship between the individuals. It involves two people talking with a purpose for the main benefit of one of the individual. Mentoring also is a term that describes a confidential relationship between two people in making improvement in work or knowledge and through this process enhancing their capacity (Clutterbuck, D Megginson, D . 1995). 1.2 Characteristic of a Good Leader As Cox, D (1996) has stated leadership is a position that must be earned day by day. Effective leaders are foremost effective people in an organization. Thus, the characteristics of the leaders are very important. The following list five of characteristics that seem especially important to make up a good leader: Integrity Good leaders who possess the higher standard of integrity will make their followers trust them. A leader who is centered in integrity will meet his or her commitment and will be honest in all dealings. Therefore, followers will find them reliable and trustable. George, M.D (2005) has written that integrity requires the ability to understand oneself honestly and acceptance of ones self. Confidence Building self-confidence is always the preliminary to become a good leader. Having confidence in leaders is about having belief that they will act in effective and efficient way to accomplish goals. As Vojta (2010) stated, leader who possess confidence in himself or herself has the ability to influence an organization internally and externally. However, Adair (1997) agrees that confidence is essential but overconfidence will lead to arrogance. Vision A good leader possesses great vision to foresee a variable future state for the organization. Leaders need to be able to makes vision tangible and communicate the vision clearly to organization in a way that gains commitment. According to Bennis, W (2009), vision is an important characteristic to be an effective leader because lack of a clear vision will lower the effectiveness of a leader. Respect Respect should not be restricted only from the team members to the leader. As a good leader, he or she must treats all team members with respect and dignity all the times. Respect is simply treating team members as leader wish to be treated. This is a vital characteristic of an effective leader. Shriver, S (2011) suggests that leader must make sure they treat all human beings with respect regardless of differences. Locus of control Lee, Don Tsang and Eric (2001) state that a successful leader shows a high standard of internal locus of control. Leaders high on the internal locus of control are more likely to experience success and they also believed that their success is due to their personal efforts that they implement. 1.3 Characteristic of a Good Mentor To be a good mentor, mentor need to display certain characteristics. Although not all successful mentors will displays every characteristics listed as below, but these characteristic are highly desirable characteristics for all mentors. There are certain key characteristics a good mentor should possess: Enthusiastic A successful mentor believes that the mentee will enthusiastically share the knowledge and skills with the mentee. Mentor allows mentee to explore their feelings and thoughts openly with them. A good mentor possesses enthusiastic attitude are interested in and willing to listen with care and concern (Starcevich, Matt. 2005). Patience Effective mentors are patient by nature. They allow the person being mentored to make mistakes and encourage them learn from the mistakes. A good mentor will know how to respond with patience and grace. Honest A good mentor is the one who willing to provide honest feedback to the mentee. Good mentor thinks that it is their responsibilities to be honest to the mentee. They believe that there are huge lessons for mentee to learn as they speak the truth, transparent about their past experience and share with honesty (Cate, R. 2012). Supportive In order to be an effective mentor, he or she has to be supportive rather than critical. Good mentor are willing to give moral support and encouragement to help mentee to improve their performance. Most of the mentors have already achieved success and they are now giving support to mentee to meet the goal (Campbell, M.J. 2006). 1.4 Leadership Roles and Responsibilities There are several roles and responsibilities that a leader has to consider. Firstly, the world renowned business trainer, Tracy, B.S (2002) suggests that the role and responsibility of a leader is to solve problems and make decision. Leader has to make sound decisions that help the organization to achieve its target. To make a suitable decision, leader need to ensure that all discussion is productive and solve all the greater problems, in order to lead the team toward the decision. Secondly, leader has the role and responsibility to set a good example for the followers. Leader must strive for a good ethic and traits which leader wants his or her followers to follow. Thirdly, according to Fayol, H (1949), delegation of tasks is an important role and responsibilities of leadership. Leaders have to recognize the abilities of their subordinates by assigning them with important task. Leaders must understand the strengths and weaknesses of subordinates so that they may assign the task to a proper person. Lastly, leaders possess the role and responsibility to motivate their followers to produce effective result. To do so, leaders should encourage them by giving recognition awards, remind them the desire to achieve and give support in their work (Rampur, S . 2011). 1.5 Mentoring Roles and Responsibilities The mentor plays certain roles and responsibilities. Firstly, according to Byington, T (2010), mentor has the role and responsibilities to provide guidance and feedback to mentees on task progression. A mentor should provide guidance based on their experience and give constructive feedback which is in connection to the established target. Secondly, mentor has the role and responsibility to actively listen to their mentees problems. The mentor need to show respect by listening attentively to the problems of the mentee (Marquardt,M.J and Loan,P. 2006). Thirdly, as a mentor, he or she possesses the role and responsibility to generate motivation with the mentee. Mentors can motivate the mentee through encouragement or rewards, to drive a mentee to meet the ambitious goal. Lastly, mentors have the role and responsibility to act as a positive role model for their mentees. In order to set a good role model for the mentee, mentor must demonstrates a positive attitude and strive for a good wo rk ethics. This can helps to sets an example for their mentees to follow (Parkinson, L. 2010). 1.6 Benefits of Leadership According to Bennis (1999), the benefit of leadership is that it helps to increase productivity. Leaders have the role to provide guidance to their team members, to motivate team members and to solve any problems. Thus, team members are empowered to succeed and increase the productivity. Robert Zemsky and Susan Shaman of the University of Pennsylvania have conducted a research of 3,200 U.S. companies, the research showed that a 10 percent increase in spending for development leadership will increase an 8.5 percent in productivity. Besides that, leadership also helps to develop a better vision which simplifies in solving problem and also creating a mission statement and actionable goals. This statement and goals will be used to lead the team member to success. In addition, one of the benefits of leadership is limits employee turnover. This is because leadership encourage leader to motivate the employees, respect them and provide support to them to make them stay on the job. As a resul t, companies get to keep talented employees while reducing the recruitment costs (Jones, P.B. 2008). Leadership can also help a company maintain focus on its business. In large companies, there are many managers attempting to make decision. Leadership can get managers and staff on the same page and let them focus on the original company vision (Vitez, O. 2009). 1.7 Benefits of Mentoring According to Makin, L (2010), mentoring can benefit the organization by retaining the business knowledge and practical experience from long-term employees. This is because mentor will transfer their insight, knowledge and past experience of the company with the mentee so that mentee can gains potential knowledge about the organisation from the mentor. Besides that, mentoring can benefit the organization to become more productive. Mentor will provide guidance and help employee to seek solution to overcome the problem. Hence, employee can accomplish the task quickly, accurately and increase the productivity of the business. Organisations may incur additional cost problems when employee solves their problems inaccurately without a mentor. Moreover, mentoring allows organization to enhance professional development through sharing of skills, information and behaviors. Lastly, mentoring also can help to improving skills such as communication, listening and questioning skills. This could he lp mentee to gain better understanding of how to interact with others now and in the future (Morley, M. 2012). 1.8 Principles of Leadership Sugar, B (2008) has demonstrated that there are several principles linked to leadership. They are : Be technically and tactically proficient Leader must be technically proficient by demonstrate the ability to accomplish the mission and able to answering the questions. Technically competent leader will earn the respect of their followers.   Seek self-improvement Leaders must have a clear understanding of themselves through determine their strong and weak personal qualities. Self-improvement can be achieved by questioning and observing. Leader can seek for honest evaluation of others of their leadership ability. This could help them to understand their strengths and weaknesses. Make a sound and timely decision As a leader, he must be able to make a sound and timely decision through practicing estimates of the situation. To make a sound decision, leaders need to consider the effects of the decisions in the organisation and also accept the suggestions of the subordinates. Set an example Set the example to followers is considered one of the leadership principles as leadership is taught by example. If leaders can keep a positive attitude and high personal standards, then leaders can get the same attitude and same personal standard of their followers. This is because leader is an inspiration to all the followers. 1.9 Principles of Mentoring Rolfe, A (n.d) has written that mentoring is underpinned by several key principles that must be understood by mentor. They are : The professional relationship Mentor and mentee must maintain a professional relationship through acknowledge the one anothers contribution and celebrate their achievements. Other than that, mentee and mentor need to develop mutual trust and respect each other to maintain a professional relationship. Needs and Goals This principle drives the relationship between mentor and mentee. The mentor helps mentee by determining the desire goal, giving feedback and formulating steps to achieve the goal. Then mentee will consider the steps given by the mentor and implements the action to achieve the desire goal. Active Listening Mentors often act as sounding boards for the mentee. Mentor must be able to listen the mentees questions, ideas and plans. Therefore, their conversation becomes a dialogue where ideas and plans are shared. Limitations Mentee can seek for the idea and information from mentor. However, mentee must also refer to other resources such as professional counselling services. A mentee must recognize the limitations of a mentor and cannot demand a mentor to know everything. Part 2 : Discussion on the Competencies needed Introduction of Competencies Dubois, D (1998) defines competencies as certain personal characteristics, knowledge, skills, mindsets, skills and thought patterns that applied whether in singularly or in combinations of these, to bring a great performance. 2.1 Competencies needed by leaders The first key competency needed by leaders is self-awareness which allows leaders to have a clear understanding of their personality including strengths and weaknesses, reactions to problems and sources of frustration (Schein, E.H. 1978; Goleman, D. 1998). Both Schein (1978) and Goleman (1998) suggest that leaders having a clear perception of their personalities can help them to regulate of their emotions and make a change they want. It also enables leaders to understand their followers so that they can maintain an effective relationship with their followers. The second competency needed by leaders is engagement in personal transformation. Brake (1997) describes this competency as a desire to enhance personal skills and knowledge and stay up to date. The reflections of personal transformation are strong, willing to learn new things, re ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å¡ective learning and no limit assumptions. The leader who possesses the competency of engagement in personal transformation will accept the criticism and learn from the criticism (Spreitzer, 1997). Engagement in personal transformation is also includes items such as being open to change (Jordan and Cartwright, 1998) and willing to change personal perceptions (Harris and Moran, 1987). The third competency is visioning thinking. Frank (2005) describes this competency as the ability to provide a vision, foresee the future within the organisation. To create a best vision requires leader to get many ideas and supports from others. Hence, leaders can partnering with their team members, key employees or executive members throughout the organisation. 2.1 Competencies needed by mentors Building Rapport is one of the most fundamental mentoring competencies needed by mentors. Kram (1983) defines building rapport as the skills of the mentor to recognize and manage positively a lack of rapport. An inappropriate balance of common ground and dissimilarity will lead to weak common bond between mentor and mentee. Mentor can use open-ended questions to find some common ground between them to help establish an instant rapport between mentor and mentee. The second competency needed by mentors is active listening. An efficient mentor has to listen on all levels and understand what is the mentee body language message tells, what messages do mentors get through observing their facial expressions. These elements tell clearer than the words alone (Rogers, C.R. 2009). Rogers (2009) also suggests the balance of power is one of the competencies that are found in the most mentors. This competency enables mentor to determine the balance of power between mentor and mentee and to be understand about their desire achievements. Mentor has to empower his or her mentee to work out the skills at mentors disposal and impose his own agenda in order to achieve mentors goal. Part 3 : Mentoring at Work During February 2011 to November 2011, researcher worked as a senior accounting assistant for an accountancy firm Wezmart International Company, before taking up a degree in Teesside University. During that working period, researcher has encountered many mentoring opportunities. Researcher has applied several roles and responsibilities, characteristics and skills as a mentor. It also helped researcher to gain lots of valuable experience and knowledge in the mentoring scheme. While researchers works involved a range of mentoring tasks, there are several characteristics of a mentor that researcher has displayed in mentoring the beginning accounting juniors. Firstly, researcher has to exhibit the patience and tolerance in mentoring juniors to accomplish their task. Kanaskie (2006) suggests that mentor must possessed patience as all tasks take time and learning a new knowledge requires repetition. Therefore, researcher allows her juniors to make mistakes and she believed that her juniors will learn from the mistakes. For example, researcher showed patience by invested time to teach juniors how to use accounting software to generate financial statements of the company. Secondly, researcher was very supportive to coach beginning accountants to improve their accounting knowledge wherever their knowledge level. Researcher provided her juniors with helpful instructional support, direction and encouragement to support her juniors to provide accurate and timely acc ounting reports of the companies. Thirdly, researcher has to display the characteristic of empathy. Card Rogers (1985) describes empathy as accepting others without making judgments. For example, researcher accepted the new accounting staff as a developing accountant and did not judge the accounting reports prepared by them as being poorly prepared. Empathy allows the researcher to gain clear understand the perspective of the mentee. During that time, researcher has possessed certain roles and responsibilities of a mentor to maintain a successful relationship between her juniors. One of the roles and responsibilities is provides development feedback to the juniors. Researcher, as senior of her juniors, understood that she had an obligation to offer guidance and feedback on her juniors works. This allowed her juniors to identify their strengths or weaknesses about their accounting works and then motivate them to work on areas of weakness. Besides that, the researcher also assisted the juniors to build self-confidence. Juniors may feel lack of confidence to navigate challenging accounting tasks as they were still new in the career. Therefore, researcher encouraged juniors to take risks, accept any challenges situation and overcome difficulties to meet their achievement. Researcher also suggested juniors to have a realistic expectation and make a positive decision in order to help them build self-confidence. Moreover, researcher also possessed the mentors roles of listen actively and be sensitive to the mentees needs. Researcher had to listen without judgment and interruption to enable juniors to bring their problems or concerns to the surface (Ryan, V. 2012). Last but not least, researcher also set a positive example to her juniors by showing good personal attitudes (Loretto, P. 2012). For example, researcher followed all the instructions given by accounting executive and prepared timely financial reports so that researcher can demand the same positive behaviour from juniors. In order to assess researchers potential to mentor others, researcher has summarised the researchers competencies in a theoretical framework which suggested from Clutterbuck (2000) within Figure 1 below. click to expand Figure 1:  The 10 mentor competencies suggested from Clutterbuck (2000). Researcher believes that mentoring requires a whole range of competencies to meet a desire goal. These competencies are include self-awareness, communication competence, good humour, interest in developing others, goal clarity, behavioural awareness, conceptual modeling, professional savvy, commitment to own learning and relationship management. First of all, researcher possessed the self-awareness in order to understand and control their emotions, strengths and weaknesses. For example, researcher handled her own impatience and tiredness appropriately when giving suggestions to her juniors. This helped juniors to understand the effects emotions may have on behavior and also maintain a good relationship with the juniors. Researcher also developed the communication competence to meet the needs of juniors. Researcher practiced effective communication competence with juniors by understand the juniors interpersonal style and using active listening. For an instance, researcher listened to a junior described his confusion of unable to determine which accounting methods will be best suited for accounting task. Researcher then provided constructive suggestion to help juniors overcome her confusion. This could optimize the communication between their both. Besides that, researcher also practiced good humour to boost the morale of her juniors. Researcher believed that it is the best method to relieve stress and tiredness from the juniors (Clutterbuck, D. 2000). For example, researcher tried to relieve tension of juniors during the tough times, especially the accounting report submission period. Other than that, researcher also possessed the high interest in developing others. Researcher is interested to assist her juniors to achieve their potential. By providing encouragement and supports, such as encourage juniors to participate in accounting update seminar that will improve juniors accounting knowledge. Moreover, researcher developed goal clarity to help the juniors understand and determine the achievable goal. Researcher need to discuss the goal with the juniors and set a dateline to juniors to reach the goal, such as complete the ABC company financial reports within one week, to ensure that the juniors can accomplish the goal within the deadline (Adrian, Z. 2010). Researcher also practiced behavioural awareness to have a clearer understanding of juniors personal behaviours. For an instance, if researcher noticed her junior is an impatient person, researcher will makes quick decision and try to shorter her speech when communicating with the junior. This helped researcher to maintain a good relationship with accounting juniors in the organisation. In addition, researcher also achieved the conceptual modelling competence. The models can be self-created, drawn from elsewhere or created on the spot (Clutterbuck, D. 2000). In order to help juniors easier to understand the models of strategic planning, company structure or career planning, researcher has created a portfolio of models and shared the models to the juniors. Researcher also gained professional savvy through participates in various professional seminars such as IFRS for Accountants In Industry and Practice seminar, pay attention to all the information given by the seminar lecturer and then combined it with her own accounting experience. Researcher believed these can helped her to develop professional savvy and make sound judgement. Furthermore, researcher also committed to self-learning as a role model for accounting juniors. Researcher must improve her own growth if she wants to help juniors develop (Mind Tool Ltd, 2012). Researcher took the opportunities in new experiment such as taking on challenging tasks assigned by accounting executive. This opportunities assisted researcher for powerful learning and helped researcher to enhance her knowledge. Last but not least, researcher also possessed the competence of building relationship management. In order to maintain rapport with juniors, researcher has to develop trust, give respect the juniors and determine some common ground between juniors such as both attended the same high school or same hobbies. Researcher also showed concern for mentee and remembered some personal information of the juniors background such as academic background and birthday date. This helped researcher to establish instant rapport with her juniors. Conclusion

Conflicting Directions Of Ambitions in Kate Chopins The Awakening :: essays research papers

Often in novels, a character faces conflicting directions of ambitions, desires, and influences. In such a novel, like “The Awakening,'; the main character, Edna Pontellier, faces these types of conflicting ideas. In a controversial era for women, Edna faces the conflict of living in oppression but desiring freedom. The patriarchal time period has influenced women to live only under the husband’s thumb but at the same time, break away from such repression. These opposing conflicts illuminated the meaning of “social awakening'; in the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first direction, the reader witnesses the era when women only existed to make the male happy. The main character Edna finds that she has nothing to do other than stay in the house bored, since even her children are raised and cared for by servants. Day after day, all Edna is permitted to do is care for her husband and be there whenever he needs help or entertainment. Woman at that time could not vote, could not go out without a male escort, were not allowed to smoke in public, and were not allowed in the work place. These ideals set by the male driven society caused Edna to face her second trend of free will, conflicting with her other direction of oppression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Edna felt dissatisfied with the life she is given, she pursues other ways in which to live more fully. She attempts painting and enters into an affair with another man. As her desire for freedom grows, she moves out of her husband’s house and tries to live life as she sees fit. She lives a life reflecting her new philosophies towards life, philosophies that are in conflict with that of society. The oppression by man caused Edna to have a social awakening, illuminating the meaning of the novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In “The Awakening,'; the conflicting directions of oppression versus free will illuminate the meanings of social awakening and overcoming tyranny. Awakening from the slumber of patriarchal social convention, Edna must rouse herself from the life of dullness she has always lived.

Signifigance Of Disease And Plauge In Hamlet :: essays research papers

In Hamlet by William Shakespeare, poison and disease both plague the state of Denmark. Relations between characters are corrupt, the people are disturbed and people are killed constantly. What the characters do not know is that this corrupt reign of power will end in tragedy. Corrupt minds in Hamlet are provided by Prince Hamlet himself. He portrays an â€Å"antic disposition† in order to gain the advantage inside the castle. Now people in the castle believe that Hamlet is crazy or â€Å"mad† and thinks nothing more of it. Really, Hamlet is just acting this way so that he can spy on other people in the castle. By doing this he finds out who is after him and the identity of the murderer of his father. Polonious is one of the people spying on Hamlet to find the â€Å"source of his madness† and says "That he's mad, 'tis true 'tis pity, And pity 'tis 'tis true" [2.2.97-98]. Hamlet never stops his act and gets his job done. During Hamlets search for revenge, he also sparks the beginning of Ophelia’s demise. This happens because to insure no one knows that Hamlet is acting as if he is crazy, he only tells his most trusted friend Horaito. Ophelia does not know he is only acting for the possible spies, and takes everything Hamlet says seriously. â€Å"Ophelia says I was the more deceived†[III.i.118]. After a while of this, including Hamlet yelling at her, the death of her father Polonious by the hands of Hamlet, Ophelia goes insane. This is very noticeable because she is constantly singing and her appearance is also more ragged and dirty. She does not even notice her own brother, Laertes, when he returns from school. Shortly after this, Ophelia is found, drown in the brook. Hamlet triggers Ophelia’s insanity that then leads to her death. While all of these tragic happenings are occurring relationships are also being torn apart. Hamlets' relations with his mother Gertrude are severed. Hamlet believes his mother is disgusting for marrying his father's brother, two months after his fathers' death. Rightfully so because traditionally then when people were married their families became considered blood related. So this action by his mother was thought to be incestuous and Hamlet did not agree with it at all. Hamlets' relationship with Laertes was also destroyed. During an altercation with his mother Hamlet heard a noise behind a tapestry hanging on the wall.

What Makes the Ending of Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha so Powerful?

What makes the ending of Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha so powerful? I think the end of the novel is successful and very moving because it is what I had expected from the start of the breakup of Paddy’s parents and the breakdown of Paddy’s character. The ending of the novel is where the author shows Paddy’s emotions the most. The fight with Kevin shows an extreme change in what Paddy wants to be like and shows how much he wants to be feared and respected. The end of the novel, when Paddy’s da leaves home, was very sad. I had thought throughout the book that maybe Paddy’s parents would have sorted things out. The author chose to show the breakup from Paddy’s perspective only making it harder for the reader because we knew what was going to probably happen most of the way through the book. The ending I thought was particularly powerful as it showed the terror and personal self-doubt the Paddy was in directly subjected to. When I read the ending of the book, the first thing I thought afterwards was that it finished with no information about how Paddy, or any of the other family members, turned out. At first I was quite disappointed because I wanted wanted to know if Paddy ever recovered from the state he was in at the end of the book, if he ever made friends with Charles Leavy or if Paddy’s ma found someone else. Then I realised that the book was not about what everybody was like and how they would end up, it was about the slow and painful break up of Paddy’s parents break up Paddy’s emotions really get the better of him at the end. This makes the end of the novel more tragic and sad. The transformation in Paddy’s character really becomes apparent, when the fight between Paddy and Kevin happens. This is the time when he loses control and no longer realises the consequences of his actions. This made me feel very sorry for Paddy and very sympathetic of his situation because he had obviously broken down into such a state that he couldn’t control his emotions or actions. All of these factors add up to, what I think is, a very powerful and moving ending to a very sad novel.

First Cars PLC Plan

It is clearly showing that for the p rapports it is going in the correct direction. With the market expected to grow in terms of market volume, mutinously year on year reaching its final point 1 increase above the baa SE year in 2014 and showing the same trend however with a greater increase for the market v alee, expecting to grow by around 300% over the period shown.This data clearly backs up the e idea of the proposal as it is suggesting that they are entering a market that is showing the at it should be thriving in the forthcoming years and therefore suggesting that they should g o into the new market earlier rather than later because as the car club market increases like the data suggested so will the competition that is in the market, therefore making it ha deer for them to enter the market the later they wait.Secondly if they do decide to go ahead with the proposal, the data suggests the at the company is likely to become more professional in the way it operates as they move i nto a prestigious office in London this will come with a more decentralized organizational struck true. What this means for the company is the fact that the decision making process is spread out to include the more junior managers in the hierarchy, making the decisions made close r to the customer and therefore should hopefully mean that the end service is going to be close to what those who are going to consume it want.It is also a good way of training junior man eager into how the decision making process works and allows them to be making decisions in the company from very early on, therefore increasing the responsibility they have in the such cues, this will also improve the motivation that they have for their job and decrease the decide Soon making time.Further to this it will have a massive positive effect on the staff turnover of the business as shown in Appendix C from Human Resources, this table shows that labor turnover is restarted to fall to 5% from 30%, this could be due to the new structure Of the e business, allowing everyone a part in the fundamental decision making process that face sees them every day or the fact that with better working conditions such as a large office in Lo Indo and a higher salary they are bound to be happier in their work. Further to this the 10 w labor turnover will hopefully reduce the training costs that they are pumping into the e new strategy.As they have a huge budget for training you assume that this will mean that e employees should feel more motivated as they see the effort the company is putting in to et them highly trained in their job, this should mean that the high cost of training will very m such be a one off cost to the business as this alongside the low labor turnover means that the y should be in a position where they aren't training new recruits regularly, only if the case arise sees that they have to expand or when they decide they are doing well enough in the market to d o so.Further to the arguments above the AIR of the investment into the car club p rapports is forecasted to be 15. 6%, this figure passes the expectation of the Directors' who o said they anted it to be at 12%, this means that they are going to achieve the original investment of E Million quicker that what is expected however there could always be the chant CE for error in the forecasted figures. Other arguments for the proposal would be the fact the at the cost of traveling is predicted to increase by 20% over the next 4 years as price of peter 01, car tax and insurance is growing more and more over time.Also as said in the date an Inc erase in the emphasis of reducing our carbon footprint has led to people questioning thee r decision to own a car, and this will be further contemplated as car clubs become ever more pop alular, therefore paving the way for car clubs to come into the market. Finally the car club Indus story has a proven track record and therefore instead Of it being a risky option for the co many what it in fact is doing is differentiating testifiers a market that they are beginning to I SSE market share in.Arguments against: My first argument against would be the fact that they are already running a s successful car rental business and as with any business why would you change something if it is still bringing in a decent revenue, their USPS Of being a no thrills business that is always undo recruiting its imitators is always going to appeal to the tourist that is looking for a simple e car hire for their time in the country.However the case study does then go onto say that they a re losing market share in a competitive market, therefore they need to change something. Ho waver maybe the idea of moving into a market that is not as widely well known could be devastate dating especially as First Cars PL has no previous experience of the car club market, this could lead to a large amount of unwanted start up costs as they haven't really got someone d riving the project that IS likely to know exactly what is happening.Further to this the car club market is already occupied by a lone large company owning 60% of the market share m meaning that it is a monopoly as a result of this they are going to have to do something dramatic calla different to have any affect on the market they are moving into as without a strong USPS t here is no way they will fare well against an already well established successful company that dominates the market market share.Secondly the previous question tells us that the website is likely to take 1 0 we seeks longer than what the critical path analysis says in Appendix B, because they don't think the t they can design and test the website in under 15 weeks this means that Amy has made a massive mistake and misjudged by 1 0 weeks, this will have a detrimental effect on the whole process and will put it back to last 27 weeks as opposed to the 23 weeks previously sees admitted, this also changes the critical path from BEG to CHI].As a result of this First Cars P LLC could experience a number of serious cash flow problems as instead of the comma nines website getting up and running and the first orders coming in, will still be in the pro diction process causing a further cost to the business creating no revenue.

Blood Brothers – Development Task

For our coursework, we created several scenes and performed scripted pieces from the play ‘Blood Brothers' by Willy Russell. I shall discuss some of the main scenes we created/performed and what mediums and elements we used to improve them. The first scene I'll discuss is where Mrs Johnstone and Mrs Lyons are arguing over who'll keep the twin. We used various mediums and elements of drama to help us put the scenes from page to stage. I have listed how we implemented elements of drama and what effects they gave below: Content- We produced this scene directly from page to stage, except we added thought tracking to it- two extra character characters that spoke their thoughts. We used the stage directions to produce movement and facial expressions which were the main content of the scene, including the dialog. Actions- We used various different actions both from the script and improvised. These ranged from Mrs Johnstone cleaning at the start, to Mrs Lyons waving her arms in argument. We did this to give the effect of emphasising Mrs Lyons' frustration and madness and to add more visual interest for the audience. It proved very effective as it made the scene more dramatic and evocative. Climax- The climax in our piece was near the end where Mrs Johnstone swears on the Bible to give a twin to Mrs Lyons. We built up tension which lead to this by increasing volume and the tone of frustration in our voices. Reece whom played Mrs Lyons used a more pleading tone whereas I used a more frustrated tone. We did this because we wanted to engage the audience throughout the scene with the build-up of tension and emotion. Contrasts- We created a clear contrast between the characters Mrs Lyons and Mrs Johnstone as shown on the script. These contrasts where presented in social class, which we portrayed through our differently accented voices. Also the dialog of the script suggested their contrast as Mrs Lyons had more authorative lines. In order to develop the contrast in characters further, we also had different postures to connote the contrast of status. I had a more relaxed posture and Reece had a more formal withdrawn posture. We did this to create an interesting conflict in the scene for the audience. Symbols- The only symbolism we used in this scene was the Bible prop. In the script, Mrs Johnstone swears on the Bible. This symbolises a binding contract, especially for her character as she is very superstitious. We used lighting to mark the moment of this symbolism. Willy Russell may have used symbolism in this scene to add tension and interest for the audience as this reveals that an event is going to happen later on in the play. We could have added more symbols to the scene to create more tension. Now I shall explore what mediums of drama we used in this scene to take it from page to stage and develop it further: Costume- We didn't use a particular costume as it was easier to change to different scenes and characters. We maybe should have used costumes that represented their class to show a visual contrast between the two characters. Sound/Music- We didn't use any music in our scene as there wasn't any scripted, however we used a heart-beat sound effect to mark the moment of madness when Mrs Lyons was pleading. We could have used music when Mrs Lyons pleads for the twin to mark the moment and add emphasis on her character's madness more effectively. Space & Levels- We kept spread out on the stage to use space effectively, and we incorporated the use of levels to show a visual contrast in status of the two characters. Mrs Johnstone was generally lower than Mrs Lyons throughout the scene to connote her lower status. Voice- Our voice intonation of anger and frustration built up throughout the scene to add more interest and contrasting moods from the beginning of the scene to the end. This use of voice gave the effect of showing the emotions of our characters clearly for the audience. We rehearsed this scene by initially reading through the script as our characters and using voice intonation to add emotion to the lines as we read them out. We used the explorative strategy of thought-tracking to explore the inner-characters that weren't shown in the script. Then we used the stage directions to take it from page to stage and add movement and gestures. We then added our own improvised actions etc. to develop the scene further. We made the decision of having two additional characters that represent Mrs Johnstone and Mrs Lyons' thoughts to reveal them more effectively to the audience. We also decided to use a heart-beat sound when Mrs Lyons pleaded to show the audience the madness of her character and signify it. I think that the performance of this scene went well as our characters came across as we and the playwright intended. We made our emotions clear for the audience as we portrayed them through our gestures, use of voice etcetera. However, to improve this we could have used music at specific points such as when Mrs Johnstone swears on the Bible so as to mark the moment and add even more emotion to it. We demonstrated that Mrs Lyons and Mrs Johnstone had a good relationship initially, and how it deteriorated throughout the scene by using more infuriated expressions and vocal tones.

Discipline and Management Comparison

Runninghead: DISCIPLINE AND MANAGEMENT: DIFFERENT YET RELATED COMPARISON Discipline and Management: Different Yet Related Comparison Essay Corwin K. Richardson Grand Canyon University Discipline and Management: Different Yet Related Comparison Essay Thinking on classroom management and the ability to effectively teach and guide students of several different backgrounds tends to be a daunting thought. One that has pressed the hearts and minds of teachers and administrators for many days past and which will probably continue to press for many days to come.Being confident that you are aware; management alone is a skill that requires several years of practice to become proficient at, not to mention the management of students and their personalities. This essay will deal with the comparisons of discipline and management as it relates to the comparison of behavior versus misbehavior. Each term will be defined in personal understanding and then expounded upon with citations from noted autho rities in each subject matter. There similarities and differences will be presented in addition to there apparent relationship with each other.Discipline is something that is the result of an unwanted act. It can be seen as a corrective action that is taken to discourage a behavior that needs to be discontinued. Ex. Mr. Brown quickly removed the unruly student from the classroom. In this example, Mr. Brown chose to remove the disruptive student from the classroom as a method of discipline. However, discipline may be seen as a measure of self-control that someone applies to themselves. This is in any case, a measure of correction.According to Charles, discipline is defined as a teacher’s efforts to maintain classroom decorum and secure students’ cooperation in learning and exercising self-control (p. 45, 2008). This understanding opens up the window of possibilities as to what measure is taken by means of discipline that is deemed necessary to keep the classroom flowing with full cooperation in learning. Regarding self-control; this is a willful act on the student’s part based upon their understanding of order and how it affects their life, even in the classroom.The responsibility of teaching students the need for order can be argued to be the parents; but somehow it ends up being the teachers’. Management is the order in which someone takes things and place them in a systematic way that they can manage them better. Ex. Ms. Wendy moved all of the noisy students’ seats in a way that brought quiet and focus to the class. In this example Ms. Wendy’s management system was to arrange the classroom in such a way that all the class could benefit from the lesson.A collaborative definition of management as expressed by Canter is an environment created by a teacher who motivates and believes in the students; one who effectively plans to manage student behavior in all classroom activities and instructional strategies; a teacher wh o has the trust of all the students (pp. 6-7, 2006). Behavior is simply the way someone conducts themself. Ex. Bobby obeys every word his father says. In the example, Bobby’s behavior was obedient. This is clearly a defining point in behavior that illustrates how someone acts in an environment or situation.Some authorities such as Canter believe that behavior is greatly influenced by a teacher’s ability to establish a classroom that promotes academic success for all students from the very first day of school (p. 31, 2006). Misbehavior is when someone conducts themselves in a way that is unacceptable. Ex. Janie has random outbursts in class and doesn’t respect her teachers. This shows that Janie is misbehaving by not respecting her teachers and by her outbursts. Canter also suggests that students don’t like or respect teachers who let them get away with misbehavior (p. 6, 2006). This would indicate that the disrespect that some students show their teachers is a direct result of the teacher’s inability to convey their authority and order in the classroom with their students. In other words, the students may feel as though the teachers are â€Å"push-over’s†. In conclusion, discipline is a product of management which is directly related to the effectiveness by which management is executed, which determines the level of discipline needed to maintain it.On the other wise, behavior is the product of discipline and is directly influenced towards acceptable or unacceptable conduct by the effectiveness of the management plan. If the management system is proficient then a good disciplinary plan will be in place and if so, then behavior will be appropriate and almost all misbehavior will be eliminated. References Charles, C. M. (2008). Building classroom discipline (10th ed. ). Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Canter, L. (2006). Lee Canter’s classroom management for academic success. Bloomington, IN: Solution Tree.

Jane Eyre Marriage Quotes Essay

â€Å"He is not to them what he is to me,† I thought: â€Å"he is not of their kind. I believe he is of mine; – I am sure he is, – I feel akin to him, – I understand the language of his countenance and movements: though rank and wealth sever us widely, I have something in my brain and heart, in my blood and nerves, that assimilates me mentally to him. [†¦] I must, then, repeat continually that we are for ever sundered: – and yet, while I breathe and think I must love him.† (2.2.85) Seeing Rochester among his high-class houseguests, Jane realizes that he has more in common with her than he does with them. Despite Jane’s and Rochester’s different class backgrounds, their master-servant relationship, and the strict gender roles of Victorian society, Jane can tell that they share something intangible – but she doubts that they can overcome all the social obstacles keeping them apart. This isn’t the first time Jane has felt affection for someone – but it may be the first time she’s felt like somebody else. â€Å"Whenever I marry,† she continued, after a pause which none interrupted, â€Å"I am resolved my husband shall not be a rival, but a foil to me. I will suffer no competitor near the throne; I shall exact an undivided homage: his devotions shall not be shared between me and the shape he sees in his mirror.† (2.2.128) Blanche Ingram’s idea of a good marriage is one in which the partners are distinctly different and one partner is far superior to the other. As a stunning beauty, she doesn’t want a handsome husband, but a hideous one – that way she’ll always get all the attention. Notice how different this is from Jane’s (and Rochester’s) ideas about love and marriage–they’re drawn together because they are alike. Blanche thinks that opposites attract, but Jane knows that kindred spirits attract more strongly. Ere long, a bell tinkled, and the curtain drew up. Within the arch, the bulky figure of Sir George Lynn, whom Mr. Rochester had likewise chosen, was seen enveloped in a white sheet: before him, on a table, lay open a large book; and at his side stood Amy Eshton, draped in Mr. Rochester’s cloak, and holding a book in her hand. Somebody, unseen, rang the bell merrily; then Adà ¨le (who had insisted on being one of her guardian’s party) bounded forward, scattering round her the contents of a basket of flowers she carried on her arm. Then appeared the magnificent figure of Miss Ingram, clad in white, a long veil on her head, and a wreath of roses round her brow: by her side walked Mr. Rochester, and together they drew near the table. They knelt; while Mrs. Dent and Louisa Eshton, dressed also in white, took up their stations behind them. A ceremony followed, in dumb show, in which it was easy to recognize the pantomime of a marriage. (2.3.8) Blanche Ingram and Mr. Rochester pair up for an elaborate game of charades, and the first thing they do is play-act their own wedding, silently, in front of the other houseguests and Jane. This is the first of several not-quite-real weddings we’ll see in Jane Eyre, each of which suggests something about the actual marriages and pairings in the novel. In this particular case, the pretend wedding is meant to be a charade for the word â€Å"bride† – but that’s only the first half of the word being acted out in the game, which is â€Å"Bridewell,† a famous prison. Hmm, something that begins with a marriage ends with being in prison. Do you think that’s supposed to be some kind of OMEN or something? I saw he was going to marry her, for family, perhaps political reasons; because her rank and connexions suited him; I felt he had not given her his love, and that her qualifications were ill adapted to win from him that treasure. This was the point – this was where the nerve was touched and teazed – this was where the fever was sustained and fed: she could not charm him. (2.3.27, italics original) Jane is really hot and bothered by the idea that Rochester is going to marry Blanche, not just because she’s jealous, but also because she can tell that they are so unsuited and that Rochester himself knows exactly how flawed and unpleasant Blanche is. Jane herself knows exactly how to â€Å"charm† Rochester, how to argue with him and keep him amused and even how make him love her. Basically, the way Jane feels here is the way we feel when we see someone doing something badly that we know how to do well. She wants to take Rochester away and show Blanche how this relationship should be done – but she can’t. She has to watch and suffer in silence, as usual. I have not yet said anything condemnatory of Mr. Rochester’s project of marrying for interest and connexions. [†¦] All their class held these principles: I supposed, then, they had reasons for holding them such as I could not fathom. It seemed to me that, were I a gentleman like him, I would take to my bosom only such a wife as I could love; but the very obviousness of the advantages to the husband’s own happiness, offered by this plan, convinced me that there must be arguments against its general adoption of which I was quite ignorant: otherwise I felt sure all the world would act as I wished to act. (2.3.31) Jane doesn’t get why anyone would not marry for love, especially if they’re rich enough to do pretty much whatever they want, but she figures there must be some reason that so many people who are already wealthy and important insist on marrying to get more money and status instead of to make themselves happy. Notice that Jane doesn’t talk about her own ideas about marriage – only the ideas that she would have if she were in Rochester’s place. Somehow Jane can’t conceive of herself needing to make a choice about marrying for love or status – only of a man like Rochester doing so.